Can particles which refuse to interact with each other form condensed phases like solids and liquids be brought together? How do particles form these structures without attraction when left on their own? Scientists have now found a clue to determine how self-assembled structures can be made using a strange class of particles that do not interact and have non-superimposable mirror images (chiral).
Molecular chirality is encoded in the static structure of building units of particles. It is well known that it results in interactions that are stereoselective. However, in many systems, chirality can be associated with how the particles move.
Whether such chiral activity can introduce stereoselective interactions between particles is still unknown to scientists. By investigating the role of chiral activity, a group of scientists have for the first time shown that objects can self-recognize even when their shape is not chiral. Further, they report spontaneous dimerization into two types of dimers- ‘movers’ and ‘spinners’.
Chiral active matter is ubiquitous in nature, and numerous biological systems possess some degree of chiral activity. The present study could thus pave the way towards understanding dynamics in living cells and their assemblies. However, in biological systems, precisely tuning chiral activity is very difficult and how precisely it affects the emergent dynamics is not clear.
Scientists from Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research Bangalore, an autonomous institute of the Department of Science & Technology, Government of India and the Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, tuned the nature of the chiral activity of millimetre-sized rice-shaped grains with the help of 3D printing.
This is the first experimental study to uncover that even when objects are not chiral in shape, chirality inactivity alone can bring about selectivity and recognition between the interacting particles. This work published in the journal ‘Science Advances’ recently opens new pathways to self-assemble matter by imparting the constituents with chiral activity.
The scientists said that by exploiting 3D printing to design chiral active matter, they can systematically encode different extents of chiral activity and explore its consequences on the emergent dynamical behaviour.
Chirality-mediated selective interactions are of utmost importance in asymmetric catalysis, supramolecular polymerization, medicinal drug designing, and separation where self-recognition, sorting, and discrimination of molecules are required.
Fig. 1: A. Left: Snapshots of 3D-printed chiral active ellipsoids for six different left-right mass asymmetries. The red dashed lines show the hollowed-out portion of the particle. Right: Superimposed snapshots showing a nearly circular path traced by the ellipsoids under vertical agitation. The snapshot of the ellipsoid at t = 0 s is shown in white. The blue arrows indicate the handedness of the orbit. Scale bars, 3 mm. (B and C) Superimposed snapshots of a representative active spinner and movers, respectively. The spinner is made of two clockwise (+) monomers while the mover is composed of a clockwise (+) and anticlockwise (−) monomer [top left in C and, while the spinner is made of two (+) monomers (B). Note that the spinner has a net clockwise (+) motion (blue dashed arrow), same as that of its components, and is localized in space.
Fig. 2. Particle displacement maps as a function of net chirality. Red colour denotes a large particle displacement, whereas blue colour denotes a small particle displacement.
For more details, Ms. Pragya Arora (pragya@jncasr.ac.in, Phone: 97416 15955) Prof. Rajesh Ganapathy
(rajeshg@jncasr.ac.in Phone: 98806 71639) may be contacted.
